Rodriguez-Simulation , Tutorial 1-3 ,Measuring node voltages and branch currents.

Connecting voltage and current probes to the circuit. Probes are located in the parts bin represented by a voltage probe. To connect a probe click it and move it to the location where it will be connected. Task 1: Connect voltage (V), current (A), and combined voltage and current (VA) probes to the Tutorial 3 circuit as indicated. Task 2: Measuring node voltages and branch currents. Do the following with the Tutorial 3 circuit. 1. Select the interactive type of simulation. 2. Click the start simulation button. 3. After all the probes in the circuit show numerical results click the stop simulation button Sign of the current probe results. If the current in a branch flows in the direction indicated by the arrow of the probe, its value is shown positive. If it flows in the opposite direction, its value is shown negative. In the simulation just performed, the current probe A indicates a positive result, meaning that the current through the probe is in the direction indicated by the arrow. In the case of the combined V/A probe, the result is negative, meaning that the current through the probe is in a direction opposite to the one indicated by its arrow. Element currents Magnitude. Any element in a branch carries a current of magnitude equal to the magnitude of the measured current in the branch. Magnitude means the absolute (positive) value of the result. Sign. If the branch current flows in the direction defined as positive for the element, the sign is positive. If the current flows opposite, then it is negative. Ground reference for voltage probes. Each voltage probe measures the node voltage with respect to the voltage of a reference node, which, by convenience, is taken as zero volts. By default, each probe uses the ground as the reference. This reference can be changed to a voltage reference as will be explained in the next tutorial. Each voltage probe needs to be associated with an existing reference, otherwise, the voltage simulation results are meaningless. Sign of the voltage probe results. The voltage values indicated by the probes are node voltages. If the voltage at the probe is higher than the voltage at its reference node, the displayed value is positive. If it is lower, the value is negative.